Hierarchical list of topics - Updated 17/02/98

Photochemistry Database


Topics marked with an asterisk are implemented for entries from the year 1998 on

01. Studies of structure (either of systems of importance with respect to photochemistry, or by use of spectroscopic techniques such as fluorescence).
02. Studies of motion
03. Reaction kinetics in condensed phases, diffusion-controlled reactions
04. Recombination processes
05. Spin dynamics
06. Nonlinear optical properties of molecules
07. Excited states and spectroscopy (absorption and emission)
08. Energy and electron transfer
09. Proton and hydrogen transfer
10. Dynamics of photoreactions
11. Photoionization
12. Excitons and excess electrons
13. Reaction intermediates
14. Interactions between radiation and matter
15. Radiation chemistry - mechanistic and product studies
16. Photochemistry - mechanistic and product studies
17. Supramolecular systems - photophysics and photochemistry
18. Polymers
19. Photosensitization, photocatalysis, photoelectrochemistry
20. Photophysics and photochemistry on surfaces
21. Environmental studies
22. Sonochemistry and sonoluminescence
23. Oxidation and antioxidants
24. Radiation biology
25. Photobiology
26. Technical applications (actual or potential)
27. Measuring techniques, including theory of measurement
28. Reviews
29. Educational

01. Studies of structure (either of systems of importance with respect to photochemistry, or by use of spectroscopic techniques such as fluorescence).

01.1. Intermolecular interactions and aggregation 01.1.1. Theoretical studies
01.1.2. Experimental studies * 01.1.2.A. Molecular complexes, clusters, aggregates
* 01.1.2.B. Biomolecule-substrate interactions (stoichiometry, thermodynamics) 01.2. Liquids, solvation 01.2.1. Theoretical studies
01.2.2. Experimental studies 01.3. Supramolecular systems, host-guest systems, micelles, vesicles, membranes 01.3.1. Theoretical studies
01.3.2. Experimental studies * 01.3.2.A. Host-guest complexes
* 01.3.2.B. Micelles
* 01.3.2.C. Vesicles, liposomes
* 01.3.2.D. Biological membranes 01.4. Thin films, surfaces, interfaces, microporous materials 01.4.1. Theoretical studies
01.4.2. Experimental studies * 01.4.2.A. Langmuir-Blodgett films
* 01.4.2.B. Adsorption, thin films on solids
* 01.4.2.C. Liquid/gas, liquid/liquid interfaces
* 01.4.2.D. Microporous materials 01.5. Nanocrystalline semiconductors and metals 01.5.1. Theoretical studies
01.5.2. Experimental studies * 01.5.2.A Nanocrystalline semiconductors
* 01.5.2.B. Nanocrystalline metals 01.6. Biological macromolecules and systems 01.6.1. Theoretical studies
01.6.2. Experimental studies * 01.6.2.A. Nucleic acids
* 01.6.2.B. Peptides, polypeptides
* 01.6.2.C Proteins
* 01.6.2.D. Biomolecule-substrate interactions (structural studies) 01.7. Polymers and liquid crystals 01.7.1. Theoretical studies
01.7.2. Experimental studies 02. Studies of motion 02.1. Diffusion in solution 02.1.1. Theoretical studies
02.1.2. Experimental studies 02.2. Rotational reorientation, structural relaxation 02.2.1. Theoretical studies
02.2.2. Experimental studies 02.3. Diffusion and reorientation in heterogeneous systems 02.3.1. Theoretical studies
02.3.2. Experimental studies 02.4. Dynamics of macro- and biomolecules 02.4.1. Theoretical studies
02.4.2. Experimental studies * 02.4.2.A. Protein folding and relaxation
* 02.4.2.B. Protein-substrate interactions, enzyme mechanisms
* 02.4.2.C. Nucleic acids
* 02.4.2.D. Non-biological polymers 03. Reaction kinetics in condensed phases, diffusion-controlled reactions 03.1. Theoretical studies 03.1.1. General theories
03.1.2. Fluorescence quenching 03.2. Experimental studies 04. Recombination processes 04.1. Theoretical studies
04.2. Experimental studies 04.2.1. In photochemistry (cage effect)
04.2.2. In radiation chemistry (spur processes, electron-ionrecombination) 05. Spin dynamics 05.1. Theoretical studies 05.2. Experimental studies 05.2.1. Spin-lattice relaxation, spin crossover
05.2.2. CIDNP
05.2.3. CIDEP
05.2.4. Magnetic field effects on photoreactions 06. Nonlinear optical properties of molecules 06.1. Theoretical studies
06.2. Experimental studies 06.2.1. Organic molecules
06.2.2. Polymers, clusters, molecular crystals * 06.2.2.A. Clusters, aggregates (including fullerenes)
* 06.2.2.B. Surfaces and films
* 06.2.2.C. Polymers and biopolymers
* 06.2.2.D. organic crystals
* 06.2.2.E. nanocrystalline semiconductors 07. Excited states and spectroscopy (absorption and emission) 07.1. Structure of excited states 07.1.1. Theoretical studies 07.1.1.A. General methods
07.1.1.B. Specific systems 07.1.2. Experimental studies 07.1.2.A. Excited state absorption
07.1.2.B. Raman spectroscopy
07.1.2.C. ESR
07.1.2.D. Excited state structure, dipole moments, etc. 07.2. Spectroscopy and radiative deactivation 07.2.1. Theoretical studies 07.2.1.A. Electronic spectra * 07.2.1.A.1. Inorganic compounds
* 07.2.1.A.2. Coordination compounds
* 07.2.1.A.3. Aliphatic and alicyclic compounds
* 07.2.1.A.4. Benzene derivatives
* 07.2.1.A.5. Other aromatic hydrocarbons and their derivatives
* 07.2.1.A.6. Heterocyclic compounds
* 07.2.1.A.7. Polymers
* 07.2.1.A.8. Biological macromolecules 07.2.1.B. Vibrational spectra * 07.2.1.B.1. Inorganic compounds
* 07.2.1.B.2. Coordination compounds
* 07.2.1.B.3. Aliphatic and alicyclic compounds
* 07.2.1.B.4. Benzene derivatives
* 07.2.1.B.5. Other aromatic hydrocarbons and their derivatives
* 07.2.1.B.6. Heterocyclic compounds
* 07.2.1.B.7. Polymers
* 07.2.1.B.8. Biological macromolecules 07.2.1.C. Kinetics of radiative deactivation 07.2.2. Experimental studies 07.2.2.A. Inorganic compounds
07.2.2.B. Coordination compounds
07.2.2.C. Aliphatic and alicyclic compounds
07.2.2.D. Benzene derivatives
07.2.2.E. Other aromatic hydrocarbons and their derivatives
07.2.2.F. Heterocyclic compounds
07.2.2.G. Molecular beams, gas phase, matrix isolation
07.2.2.H. Solutions (only if solvent influence is explicitely studied)
07.2.2.I. Solid-state
07.2.2.J. Heterogeneous systems
07.2.2.K. Chemiluminescence
07.2.2.L. Electroluminescence and electroabsorption
07.2.2.M. Single-molecule and single-particle spectroscopy
07.2.2.N. Two- or multiphoton excitation spectroscopy 07.3. Radiationless processes 07.3.1. Theoretical studies
07.3.2. Experimental studies 07.3.2.A. ivr in isolated molecules, clusters, complexes
07.3.2.B. Intersystem crossing, triplet yields, triplet deactivation and annihilation, delayed fluorescence
07.3.2.C. Intermolecular processes, effects of molecular environment in condensed phases, spectral diffusion 07.4. Short-pulse excitation, coherence effects etc. 07.4.1. Theoretical studies
07.4.2. Experimental studies 07.5. Photoinduced transient thermal and acoustic effects 07.5.1. Theoretical studies
07.5.2. Experimental studies 08. Energy and electron transfer 08.1. General theories 08.1.1. Energy transfer
08.1.2. Electron transfer 08.2. Excited state reactions 08.2.1. Vibrational/rotational energy transfer
08.2.2. Electronic excited state quenching 08.2.2.A. Singlet quenching
08.2.2.B. Triplet quenching 08.2.3. Ion pair reactions, back electron transfer 08.3. Charge-transfer states 08.3.1. Theoretical studies
08.3.2. Experimental studies 08.3.2.A. Twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT)
08.3.2.B. Coordination complexes
08.3.2.C. Charge transfer to solvent (CTTS) 08.4. Charge-transfer complexes 08.4.1. Theoretical studies
08.4.2. Experimental studies 08.5. Intramolecular excited state energy and electron transfer, excimers and exciplexes 08.5.1. Theoretical studies
08.5.2. Experimental studies 08.5.2.A. Intramolecular processes
08.5.2.B. Intermolecular systems 08.6. Long-range electron transfer 08.6.1. Theoretical studies
08.6.2. Experimental studies 08.6.2.A. Donor-spacer-acceptor systems
08.6.2.B. Photosynthetic systems
08.6.2.C. Polymers and biopolymers 08.7. Electron transfer at interfaces 08.7.1. Theoretical studies
08.7.2. Experimental studies 09. Proton and hydrogen transfer 09.1. Ground-state processes 09.1.1. Theoretical studies
09.1.2. Experimental studies 09.2. Excited-state processes 09.2.1. Theoretical studies
09.2.2. Experimental studies 10. Dynamics of photoreactions 10.1. Theoretical studies 10.1.1. (Photo)dissociation
10.1.2. Photoisomerization 10.2. Experimental studies 10.2.1. Photodissociation 10.2.1.A. Molecules
10.2.1.B. Clusters 10.2.2. Photoisomerization
10.2.3. Infrared multiphoton dissociation 11. Photoionization 11.1. Theoretical studies
11.2. Experimental studies 11.2.1. Molecular beams and gas phase
11.2.2. Neat liquids or solids
11.2.3. Solutions (liquid or solid)
11.2.4. Heterogeneous systems (including micelles etc.) 12. Excitons and excess electrons 12.1. General theories
12.2. Electron attachment to molecules 12.2.1. Theoretical studies
12.2.2. Experimental studies 12.3. Nonpolar systems 12.3.1 Theoretical studies
12.3.2. Experimental studies 12.4. Solvated electrons in polar solutions 12.4.1. Theoretical studies
12.4.2. Experimental studies 12.4.2.A. Structure and spectra
12.4.2.B. Dynamics and reactivity 12.5. Photo- or radiation-induced trapped charges in glasses and other solids 12.5.1. Theoretical studies
12.5.2. Experimental studies 12.6. Excitons, photoinduced trapped charge carriers, and charge transport 12.6.1. Theoretical studies
12.6.2. Experimental studies 12.6.2.A. Clusters, aggregates, thin films (incl.fullerenes)
12.6.2.B. Polymers
12.6.2.C. Semiconductors and metals (in particular nanocrystalline)
12.6.2.D. Molecular crystals, liquid crystals 13. Reaction intermediates 13.1. Structure and spectra 13.1.1. Theoretical studies
13.1.2. Experimental studies 13.1.2.A. Electronic spectroscopy, electrochemical and acid-base properties
13.1.2.B. Vibrational spectroscopy
13.1.2.C. ESR and other magnetic measurements 13.2. Excited states and photochemistry 13.2.1. Theoretical studies
13.2.2. Experimental studies 13.3. Reactivity 13.3.1. Theoretical studies
13.3.2. Experimental studies 13.2.2.A. Unimolecular reactions
13.3.2.B. Intermediate-substrate reactions * 13.3.2.B.1. Beams (reaction dynamics)
* 13.3.2.B.2. Gas phase
* 13.3.2.B.3. Liquid phase
* 13.3.2.B.4. Reactions of biradicals, carbenes, nitrenes, and related species 13.3.2.C. Intermediate-intermediate reactions
13.3.2.D. Reactions in heterogeneous media
 13.4. Radicals in biological systems 13.4.1. Theoretical studies
13.4.2. Experimental studies 14. Interactions between radiation and matter 14.1. Theoretical studies 14.1.1. Physical theories 14.1.1.A. Ionizing particle radiation
14.1.1.B. High-energy gamma radiation
14.1.1.C. Laser ablation and other laser-material interactions 14.1.2. Kinetic models for radiation chemistry 14.2. Experimental studies 14.2.1. Ionizing radiation
14.2.2. High-power lasers 15. Radiation chemistry - mechanistic and product studies 15.1. Gas phase
15.2. Aqueous systems 15.2.1. Water
15.2.2. Inorganic solutes
15.2.3. Organic solutes 15.3. Liquid organic systems
15.4. Solid-state
15.5. Heterogeneous systems 16. Photochemistry - mechanistic and product studies 16.1. Inorganic compounds
16.2. Coordination compounds
16.3. Aliphatic and alicyclic compounds (including silicon-, phosphorus-containing and related compounds)
16.4. Benzene derivatives
16.5. Other aromatic hydrocarbons and their derivatives
16.6. Heterocyclic compounds
16.7. Molecular beams, gas phase, matrix isolation
16.8. Solutions
16.9. Solid state
16.10. Heterogeneous media
16.11. Theoretical studies of photochemical mechanisms 17. Supramolecular systems - photophysics and photochemistry
18. Polymers 18.1. Polymerization by light or radiation, grafting * 18.1.1. Light-induced polymerization
* 18.1.2. Light-induced crosslinking or grafting
* 18.1.3. Ionizing radiation-induced processes 18.2. Photochemistry and radiation chemistry of polymers 18.2.1. Photochromism, photoisomerization, photoregulation and other reversible interactions
18.2.2. Photodegradation
18.2.3. Radiation-induced degradation 18.3. Spectroscopy and photophysics of polymers * 18.3.1. Conjugated polymers
* 18.3.2. Other polymers
* 18.3.3. Labelled polymers 19. Photosensitization, photocatalysis, photoelectrochemistry 19.1. Photosensitized reactions
19.2. Photocatalysis 19.2.1. By inorganic or coordination compounds
19.2.2. By semiconductors
19.2.3. Enzymatic, polymeric 19.3. Photoelectrochemistry and photovoltaics 19.3.1. Theoretical studies
19.3.2. Experimental studies 20. Photophysics and photochemistry on surfaces 20.1. Theoretical studies
20.2. Experimental studies
20.2.1. Photophysics
20.2.2. Photochemistry 21. Environmental studies 21.1. Atmospheric chemistry 21.1.1. Modelling
21.1.2. Experiments * 21.1.2.A. Model systems
* 21.1.2.B. Field studies 21.1.3. Extraterrestrial atmospheres 21.2. Photochemical processes in terrestrial ecosystems, solar irradiation measurements
21.3. Pollutant analysis and degradation 22. Sonochemistry and sonoluminescence 22.1. Theoretical studies
22.2. Experimental studies 23. Oxidation and antioxidants 23.1. Singlet oxygen formation and reactions
23.2. Radical-induced oxidation
23.3. Ozone and other oxidants
23.4. Antioxidants 24. Radiation biology 24.1. Theoretical models
24.2. Constituents of biological macromolecules
24.3. Biological macromolecules 24.3.1. nucleic acids
24.3.2. proteins 24.4. Cells and higher structures * 24.4.1. Chemical effects
* 24.4.2. Immunological effects 24.5. Radiation protection and repair
24.6. Biological effects of electromagnetic and microwave fields 25. Photobiology 25.1. Spectroscopy and photophysics of biological macromolecules * 25.1.1. Nucleic acid bases, nucleosides, nucleotides, oligonucleotides
* 25.1.2. Nucleic acids
* 25.1.3. Peptides, polypeptides
* 25.1.4. Proteins 25.2. Photochemistry of nucleic acids
25.3. Photochemistry of proteins, photoinduced enzyme activation or inactivation
25.4. Photosynthesis 25.4.1. Theoretical studies
25.4.2. Experimental studies 25.4.2.A. Structure
25.4.2.B. Dynamics and mechanism
25.4.2.C. Effects of external conditions, photoinhibition, photoprotection 25.5. Rhodopsin studies, mechanism of vision * 25.5.1. Theory
* 25.5.2. Bacteriorhodopsin
* 25.5.3. Rhodopsin, mechanism of vision 25.6. Photodynamic effect, phototoxicity, photomedicine, mechanisms of PDT
25.7. Photoeffects in larger biological structures * 25.7.1. Chemical effects
* 25.7.2. Immunological effects, carcinogenesis
* 25.7.3. Photoprotection, sunscreens 25.8. Biological photoreceptors, photoregulation, phototaxis, etc.
25.9. Bioluminescence, generation of excited states in biosystems
25.10. Photochemical methods in biomolecule synthesis, photolabeling 26. Technical applications (actual or potential) 26.1. Sensors and luminescence probes * 26.1.1. Absorption probes
* 26.1.2. Emission probes
* 26.1.3. Tissue imaging 26.2. Dyes, LEDs
26.3. Photochromisms, optical switching and limiting, optical information processing
26.4. Spectroscopy and photochemistry applications in physiological studies (such as caged compounds, photoaffinity labeling)
26.5. Semiconductor device fabrication, nanotechnology, laser manipulation
26.6. Polymers, coatings
26.7. Solar energy utilization
26.8. Purification, waste degradation, sterilization
26.9. Medical applications, incl. prevention, diagnosis, therapy * 26.9.1. Diagnosis
* 26.9.2. Photodynamic therapy
* 26.9.3. Other therapeutic applications 26.10. Radiation sterilization, food irradiation
26.11. Synthetic and industrial applications 27. Measuring techniques, including theory of measurement 27.1. Absorption spectroscopy 27.1.1. UV-vis
27.1.2. IR-Raman
27.1.3. Photothermal and photoacoustic 27.2. Fluorescence spectroscopy 27.2.1. Steady-state techniques
27.2.2. Time-correlated techniques, single-photon counting and other time-resolved techniques
27.2.3. Fluorescence microscopy and imaging 27.3. Techniques in beam spectroscopy and high-resolution laser spectroscopy
27.4. Pulse radiolysis and steady-state radiolysis
27.5. Dosimetry, radiation detection
27.6. Flash photolysis sources, pulsed lasers, pulse measurement
27.7. Transient spectroscopy
27.8. Steady-state photolysis, actinometry, light detection
27.9. Solar energy utilization setups, photocatalytic reactors
27.10. Electron spin resonance
27.11. Product analysis
27.12. Electronic components (photomultipliers, etc.)
27.13. Other components (e.g., cells)
27.14. Measurement modeling and data manipulation techniques 27.14.1. Time-resolved fluorescence
27.14.2. Fitting of spectral data
27.14.3. Chemical kinetics, including excitation-deactivation models 28. Reviews 28.1 ... 28.27 29. Educational