Hierarchical list of topics - Updated 17/02/98 |
Topics marked with an asterisk are implemented for entries from the year 1998 on
01. Studies of structure (either of systems of importance with respect to
photochemistry, or by use of spectroscopic techniques such as fluorescence).
02. Studies of motion
03. Reaction kinetics in condensed phases, diffusion-controlled reactions
04. Recombination processes
05. Spin dynamics
06. Nonlinear optical properties of molecules
07. Excited states and spectroscopy (absorption and emission)
08. Energy and electron transfer
09. Proton and hydrogen transfer
10. Dynamics of photoreactions
11. Photoionization
12. Excitons and excess electrons
13. Reaction intermediates
14. Interactions between radiation and matter
15. Radiation chemistry - mechanistic and product studies
16. Photochemistry - mechanistic and product studies
17. Supramolecular systems - photophysics and photochemistry
18. Polymers
19. Photosensitization, photocatalysis, photoelectrochemistry
20. Photophysics and photochemistry on surfaces
21. Environmental studies
22. Sonochemistry and sonoluminescence
23. Oxidation and antioxidants
24. Radiation biology
25. Photobiology
26. Technical applications (actual or potential)
27. Measuring techniques, including theory of measurement
28. Reviews
29. Educational
01. Studies of structure (either of systems of importance with respect to
photochemistry, or by use of spectroscopic techniques such as fluorescence).
02. Studies of motion
02.1. Diffusion in solution
02.1.1. Theoretical studies
02.1.2. Experimental studies
02.2. Rotational reorientation, structural relaxation
02.2.1. Theoretical studies
02.2.2. Experimental studies
02.3. Diffusion and reorientation in heterogeneous systems
02.3.1. Theoretical studies
02.3.2. Experimental studies
02.4. Dynamics of macro- and biomolecules
02.4.1. Theoretical studies
02.4.2. Experimental studies
* 02.4.2.A. Protein folding and relaxation
* 02.4.2.B. Protein-substrate interactions, enzyme mechanisms
* 02.4.2.C. Nucleic acids
* 02.4.2.D. Non-biological polymers
03. Reaction kinetics in condensed phases, diffusion-controlled reactions
03.1. Theoretical studies
03.1.1. General theories
03.1.2. Fluorescence quenching
03.2. Experimental studies
04. Recombination processes
04.1. Theoretical studies
04.2. Experimental studies
04.2.1. In photochemistry (cage effect)
04.2.2. In radiation chemistry (spur processes, electron-ionrecombination)
05. Spin dynamics
05.1. Theoretical studies
05.2. Experimental studies
05.2.1. Spin-lattice relaxation, spin crossover
05.2.2. CIDNP
05.2.3. CIDEP
05.2.4. Magnetic field effects on photoreactions
06. Nonlinear optical properties of molecules
06.1. Theoretical studies
06.2. Experimental studies
06.2.1. Organic molecules
06.2.2. Polymers, clusters, molecular crystals
* 06.2.2.A. Clusters, aggregates (including fullerenes)
* 06.2.2.B. Surfaces and films
* 06.2.2.C. Polymers and biopolymers
* 06.2.2.D. organic crystals
* 06.2.2.E. nanocrystalline semiconductors
07. Excited states and spectroscopy (absorption and emission)
07.1. Structure of excited states
07.1.1. Theoretical studies
07.1.1.A. General methods
07.1.1.B. Specific systems
07.1.2. Experimental studies
07.1.2.A. Excited state absorption
07.1.2.B. Raman spectroscopy
07.1.2.C. ESR
07.1.2.D. Excited state structure, dipole moments, etc.
07.2. Spectroscopy and radiative deactivation
07.2.1. Theoretical studies
07.2.1.A. Electronic spectra
* 07.2.1.A.1. Inorganic compounds
* 07.2.1.A.2. Coordination compounds
* 07.2.1.A.3. Aliphatic and alicyclic compounds
* 07.2.1.A.4. Benzene derivatives
* 07.2.1.A.5. Other aromatic hydrocarbons and their derivatives
* 07.2.1.A.6. Heterocyclic compounds
* 07.2.1.A.7. Polymers
* 07.2.1.A.8. Biological macromolecules
07.2.1.B. Vibrational spectra
* 07.2.1.B.1. Inorganic compounds
* 07.2.1.B.2. Coordination compounds
* 07.2.1.B.3. Aliphatic and alicyclic compounds
* 07.2.1.B.4. Benzene derivatives
* 07.2.1.B.5. Other aromatic hydrocarbons and their derivatives
* 07.2.1.B.6. Heterocyclic compounds
* 07.2.1.B.7. Polymers
* 07.2.1.B.8. Biological macromolecules
07.2.1.C. Kinetics of radiative deactivation
07.2.2. Experimental studies
07.2.2.A. Inorganic compounds
07.2.2.B. Coordination compounds
07.2.2.C. Aliphatic and alicyclic compounds
07.2.2.D. Benzene derivatives
07.2.2.E. Other aromatic hydrocarbons and their derivatives
07.2.2.F. Heterocyclic compounds
07.2.2.G. Molecular beams, gas phase, matrix isolation
07.2.2.H. Solutions (only if solvent influence is explicitely studied)
07.2.2.I. Solid-state
07.2.2.J. Heterogeneous systems
07.2.2.K. Chemiluminescence
07.2.2.L. Electroluminescence and electroabsorption
07.2.2.M. Single-molecule and single-particle spectroscopy
07.2.2.N. Two- or multiphoton excitation spectroscopy
07.3. Radiationless processes
07.3.1. Theoretical studies
07.3.2. Experimental studies
07.3.2.A. ivr in isolated molecules, clusters, complexes
07.3.2.B. Intersystem crossing, triplet yields, triplet deactivation and annihilation, delayed fluorescence
07.3.2.C. Intermolecular processes, effects of molecular environment in condensed phases, spectral diffusion
07.4. Short-pulse excitation, coherence effects etc.
07.4.1. Theoretical studies
07.4.2. Experimental studies
07.5. Photoinduced transient thermal and acoustic effects
07.5.1. Theoretical studies
07.5.2. Experimental studies
08. Energy and electron transfer
08.1. General theories
08.1.1. Energy transfer
08.1.2. Electron transfer
08.2. Excited state reactions
08.2.1. Vibrational/rotational energy transfer
08.2.2. Electronic excited state quenching
08.2.2.A. Singlet quenching
08.2.2.B. Triplet quenching
08.2.3. Ion pair reactions, back electron transfer
08.3. Charge-transfer states
08.3.1. Theoretical studies
08.3.2. Experimental studies
08.3.2.A. Twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT)
08.3.2.B. Coordination complexes
08.3.2.C. Charge transfer to solvent (CTTS)
08.4. Charge-transfer complexes
08.4.1. Theoretical studies
08.4.2. Experimental studies
08.5. Intramolecular excited state energy and electron transfer, excimers and exciplexes
08.5.1. Theoretical studies
08.5.2. Experimental studies
08.5.2.A. Intramolecular processes
08.5.2.B. Intermolecular systems
08.6. Long-range electron transfer
08.6.1. Theoretical studies
08.6.2. Experimental studies
08.6.2.A. Donor-spacer-acceptor systems
08.6.2.B. Photosynthetic systems
08.6.2.C. Polymers and biopolymers
08.7. Electron transfer at interfaces
08.7.1. Theoretical studies
08.7.2. Experimental studies
09. Proton and hydrogen transfer
09.1. Ground-state processes
09.1.1. Theoretical studies
09.1.2. Experimental studies
09.2. Excited-state processes
09.2.1. Theoretical studies
09.2.2. Experimental studies
10. Dynamics of photoreactions
10.1. Theoretical studies
10.1.1. (Photo)dissociation
10.1.2. Photoisomerization
10.2. Experimental studies
10.2.1. Photodissociation
10.2.1.A. Molecules
10.2.1.B. Clusters
10.2.2. Photoisomerization
10.2.3. Infrared multiphoton dissociation
11. Photoionization
11.1. Theoretical studies
11.2. Experimental studies
11.2.1. Molecular beams and gas phase
11.2.2. Neat liquids or solids
11.2.3. Solutions (liquid or solid)
11.2.4. Heterogeneous systems (including micelles etc.)
12. Excitons and excess electrons
12.1. General theories
12.2. Electron attachment to molecules
12.2.1. Theoretical studies
12.2.2. Experimental studies
12.3. Nonpolar systems
12.3.1 Theoretical studies
12.3.2. Experimental studies
12.4. Solvated electrons in polar solutions
12.4.1. Theoretical studies
12.4.2. Experimental studies
12.4.2.A. Structure and spectra
12.4.2.B. Dynamics and reactivity
12.5. Photo- or radiation-induced trapped charges in glasses and other
solids
12.5.1. Theoretical studies
12.5.2. Experimental studies
12.6. Excitons, photoinduced trapped charge carriers, and charge transport
12.6.1. Theoretical studies
12.6.2. Experimental studies
12.6.2.A. Clusters, aggregates, thin films (incl.fullerenes)
12.6.2.B. Polymers
12.6.2.C. Semiconductors and metals (in particular nanocrystalline)
12.6.2.D. Molecular crystals, liquid crystals
13. Reaction intermediates
13.1. Structure and spectra
13.1.1. Theoretical studies
13.1.2. Experimental studies
13.1.2.A. Electronic spectroscopy, electrochemical and acid-base properties
13.1.2.B. Vibrational spectroscopy
13.1.2.C. ESR and other magnetic measurements
13.2. Excited states and photochemistry
13.2.1. Theoretical studies
13.2.2. Experimental studies
13.3. Reactivity
13.3.1. Theoretical studies
13.3.2. Experimental studies
13.2.2.A. Unimolecular reactions
13.3.2.B. Intermediate-substrate reactions
* 13.3.2.B.1. Beams (reaction dynamics)
* 13.3.2.B.2. Gas phase
* 13.3.2.B.3. Liquid phase
* 13.3.2.B.4. Reactions of biradicals, carbenes, nitrenes, and related species
13.3.2.C. Intermediate-intermediate reactions
13.3.2.D. Reactions in heterogeneous media
13.4. Radicals in biological systems
13.4.1. Theoretical studies
13.4.2. Experimental studies
14. Interactions between radiation and matter
14.1. Theoretical studies
14.1.1. Physical theories
14.1.1.A. Ionizing particle radiation
14.1.1.B. High-energy gamma radiation
14.1.1.C. Laser ablation and other laser-material interactions
14.1.2. Kinetic models for radiation chemistry
14.2. Experimental studies
14.2.1. Ionizing radiation
14.2.2. High-power lasers
15. Radiation chemistry - mechanistic and product studies
15.1. Gas phase
15.2. Aqueous systems
15.2.1. Water
15.2.2. Inorganic solutes
15.2.3. Organic solutes
15.3. Liquid organic systems
15.4. Solid-state
15.5. Heterogeneous systems
16. Photochemistry - mechanistic and product studies
16.1. Inorganic compounds
16.2. Coordination compounds
16.3. Aliphatic and alicyclic compounds (including silicon-, phosphorus-containing and related compounds)
16.4. Benzene derivatives
16.5. Other aromatic hydrocarbons and their derivatives
16.6. Heterocyclic compounds
16.7. Molecular beams, gas phase, matrix isolation
16.8. Solutions
16.9. Solid state
16.10. Heterogeneous media
16.11. Theoretical studies of photochemical mechanisms
17. Supramolecular systems - photophysics and photochemistry
18. Polymers
18.1. Polymerization by light or radiation, grafting
* 18.1.1. Light-induced polymerization
* 18.1.2. Light-induced crosslinking or grafting
* 18.1.3. Ionizing radiation-induced processes
18.2. Photochemistry and radiation chemistry of polymers
18.2.1. Photochromism, photoisomerization, photoregulation and other reversible interactions
18.2.2. Photodegradation
18.2.3. Radiation-induced degradation
18.3. Spectroscopy and photophysics of polymers
* 18.3.1. Conjugated polymers
* 18.3.2. Other polymers
* 18.3.3. Labelled polymers
19. Photosensitization, photocatalysis, photoelectrochemistry
19.1. Photosensitized reactions
19.2. Photocatalysis
19.2.1. By inorganic or coordination compounds
19.2.2. By semiconductors
19.2.3. Enzymatic, polymeric
19.3. Photoelectrochemistry and photovoltaics
19.3.1. Theoretical studies
19.3.2. Experimental studies
20. Photophysics and photochemistry on surfaces
20.1. Theoretical studies
20.2. Experimental studies
20.2.1. Photophysics
20.2.2. Photochemistry
21. Environmental studies
21.1. Atmospheric chemistry
21.1.1. Modelling
21.1.2. Experiments
* 21.1.2.A. Model systems
* 21.1.2.B. Field studies
21.1.3. Extraterrestrial atmospheres
21.2. Photochemical processes in terrestrial ecosystems, solar irradiation measurements
21.3. Pollutant analysis and degradation
22. Sonochemistry and sonoluminescence
22.1. Theoretical studies
22.2. Experimental studies
23. Oxidation and antioxidants
23.1. Singlet oxygen formation and reactions
23.2. Radical-induced oxidation
23.3. Ozone and other oxidants
23.4. Antioxidants
24. Radiation biology
24.1. Theoretical models
24.2. Constituents of biological macromolecules
24.3. Biological macromolecules
24.3.1. nucleic acids
24.3.2. proteins
24.4. Cells and higher structures
* 24.4.1. Chemical effects
* 24.4.2. Immunological effects
24.5. Radiation protection and repair
24.6. Biological effects of electromagnetic and microwave fields
25. Photobiology
25.1. Spectroscopy and photophysics of biological macromolecules
* 25.1.1. Nucleic acid bases, nucleosides, nucleotides, oligonucleotides
* 25.1.2. Nucleic acids
* 25.1.3. Peptides, polypeptides
* 25.1.4. Proteins
25.2. Photochemistry of nucleic acids
25.3. Photochemistry of proteins, photoinduced enzyme activation or inactivation
25.4. Photosynthesis
25.4.1. Theoretical studies
25.4.2. Experimental studies
25.4.2.A. Structure
25.4.2.B. Dynamics and mechanism
25.4.2.C. Effects of external conditions, photoinhibition, photoprotection
25.5. Rhodopsin studies, mechanism of vision
* 25.5.1. Theory
* 25.5.2. Bacteriorhodopsin
* 25.5.3. Rhodopsin, mechanism of vision
25.6. Photodynamic effect, phototoxicity, photomedicine, mechanisms of PDT
25.7. Photoeffects in larger biological structures
* 25.7.1. Chemical effects
* 25.7.2. Immunological effects, carcinogenesis
* 25.7.3. Photoprotection, sunscreens
25.8. Biological photoreceptors, photoregulation, phototaxis, etc.
25.9. Bioluminescence, generation of excited states in biosystems
25.10. Photochemical methods in biomolecule synthesis, photolabeling
26. Technical applications (actual or potential)
26.1. Sensors and luminescence probes
* 26.1.1. Absorption probes
* 26.1.2. Emission probes
* 26.1.3. Tissue imaging
26.2. Dyes, LEDs
26.3. Photochromisms, optical switching and limiting, optical information processing
26.4. Spectroscopy and photochemistry applications in physiological studies (such as caged compounds, photoaffinity labeling)
26.5. Semiconductor device fabrication, nanotechnology, laser manipulation
26.6. Polymers, coatings
26.7. Solar energy utilization
26.8. Purification, waste degradation, sterilization
26.9. Medical applications, incl. prevention, diagnosis, therapy
* 26.9.1. Diagnosis
* 26.9.2. Photodynamic therapy
* 26.9.3. Other therapeutic applications
26.10. Radiation sterilization, food irradiation
26.11. Synthetic and industrial applications
27. Measuring techniques, including theory of measurement
27.1. Absorption spectroscopy
27.1.1. UV-vis
27.1.2. IR-Raman
27.1.3. Photothermal and photoacoustic
27.2. Fluorescence spectroscopy
27.2.1. Steady-state techniques
27.2.2. Time-correlated techniques, single-photon counting and other time-resolved techniques
27.2.3. Fluorescence microscopy and imaging
27.3. Techniques in beam spectroscopy and high-resolution laser spectroscopy
27.4. Pulse radiolysis and steady-state radiolysis
27.5. Dosimetry, radiation detection
27.6. Flash photolysis sources, pulsed lasers, pulse measurement
27.7. Transient spectroscopy
27.8. Steady-state photolysis, actinometry, light detection
27.9. Solar energy utilization setups, photocatalytic reactors
27.10. Electron spin resonance
27.11. Product analysis
27.12. Electronic components (photomultipliers, etc.)
27.13. Other components (e.g., cells)
27.14. Measurement modeling and data manipulation techniques
27.14.1. Time-resolved fluorescence
27.14.2. Fitting of spectral data
27.14.3. Chemical kinetics, including excitation-deactivation models
28. Reviews
28.1 ... 28.27
29. Educational